Changes between Version 5 and Version 6 of TracEnvironment


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Timestamp:
Jan 12, 2016, 11:21:52 PM (4 years ago)
Author:
trac
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  • TracEnvironment

    v5 v6  
    1 = The Trac Environment
     1= The Trac Environment =
    22
    3 [[TracGuideToc]]
    4 [[PageOutline]]
     3Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the “environment”.
    54
    6 Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the environment.
     5== Creating an Environment ==
    76
    8 == Creating an Environment
    9 
    10 A new Trac environment is created using [TracAdmin#initenv trac-admin's initenv]:
    11 {{{#!sh
     7A new Trac environment is created using  [TracAdmin#initenv trac-admin's initenv]:
     8{{{
    129$ trac-admin /path/to/myproject initenv
    1310}}}
    1411
    15 `trac-admin` will ask you for the name of the project and the database connection string, see below.
     12`trac-admin` will ask you for the name of the project and the
     13database connection string (explained below).
    1614
    17 === Useful Tips
     15=== Some Useful Tips
     16 - The user under which the web server runs will require file system write permission to
     17 the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set
     18 the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the source code repository,
     19 although the user under which Trac runs will only require write access to a Subversion repository created with the BDB file system; for other repository types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.
     20 
     21 - `initenv`, when using an svn repository, does not imply that trac-admin will perform `svnadmin create` for the specified repository path. You need to perform the `svnadmin create` prior to `trac-admin initenv` if you're creating a new svn repository altogether with a new trac environment, otherwise you will see a message "Warning: couldn't index the repository" when initializing the environment.
    1822
    19  - Place your environment's directory on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac monitors the timestamp of its configuration files and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution may go undetected in Trac < 1.0.2. This is also true for the location of authentication files when using TracStandalone.
    20 
    21  - The user under which the web server runs will require file system write permission to the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the source code repository, although the user under which Trac runs will only require write access to a Subversion repository created with the BDB file system; for other repository types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.
     23 - Non-ascii environment paths are not supported
    2224 
    23  - `initenv`, when using an svn repository, does not imply that trac-admin will perform `svnadmin create` for the specified repository path. You need to perform the `svnadmin create` prior to `trac-admin initenv` if you're creating a new svn repository altogether with a new Trac environment; otherwise you will see a message "Warning: couldn't index the repository" when initializing the environment.
    24 
    25  - Non-ascii environment paths are not supported.
    26  
    27  - Also, it seems that project names with spaces can be problematic for authentication, see [trac:#7163].
     25 - Also, it seems that project names with spaces can be problematic for authentication (see [trac:#7163]).
    2826
    2927 - TracPlugins located in a [TracIni#inherit-section shared plugins folder] that is defined in an [TracIni#GlobalConfiguration inherited configuration] are currently not loaded during creation, and hence, if they need to create extra tables for example, you'll need to [TracUpgrade#UpgradetheTracEnvironment upgrade the environment] before being able to use it.
    3028
    31 == Database Connection Strings
     29== Database Connection Strings ==
    3230
    33 Trac supports [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite], [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] and [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] database backends. The default is SQLite, which is probably sufficient for most projects. The database file is then stored in the environment directory, and can easily be [wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the rest of the environment.
     31Since version 0.9, Trac supports both [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite] and
     32[http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] database backends.  Preliminary
     33support for [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] was added in 0.10.  The default is
     34to use SQLite, which is probably sufficient for most projects. The database
     35file is then stored in the environment directory, and can easily be
     36[wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the rest of the environment.
    3437
    35 Note that if the username or password of the connection string (if applicable) contains the `:`, `/` or `@` characters, they need to be URL encoded.
    36 
    37 === SQLite Connection String
    38 
     38=== SQLite Connection String ===
    3939The connection string for an SQLite database is:
    4040{{{
    … …  
    4343where `db/trac.db` is the path to the database file within the Trac environment.
    4444
    45 === PostgreSQL Connection String
    46 
    47 If you want to use PostgreSQL instead, you'll have to use a different connection string. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL database on the same machine called `trac` for user `johndoe` with the password `letmein` use:
     45=== PostgreSQL Connection String ===
     46If you want to use PostgreSQL or MySQL instead, you'll have to use a
     47different connection string. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL
     48database on the same machine called `trac`, that allows access to the
     49user `johndoe` with the password `letmein`, use:
    4850{{{
    4951postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost/trac
    5052}}}
     53''Note that due to the way the above string is parsed, the "/" and "@" characters cannot be part of the password.''
    5154
    52 If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port, for example 9342, use:
     55If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port (for example 9342), use:
    5356{{{
    5457postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost:9342/trac
    5558}}}
    5659
    57 On UNIX, you might want to select a UNIX socket for the transport, either the default socket as defined by the PGHOST environment variable:
     60On UNIX, you might want to select a UNIX socket for the transport,
     61either the default socket as defined by the PGHOST environment variable:
    5862{{{
    5963postgres://user:password@/database
    6064}}}
    61 
    6265or a specific one:
    6366{{{
    … …  
    6568}}}
    6669
    67 Note that with PostgreSQL you will have to create the database before running `trac-admin initenv`.
     70Note that with PostgreSQL you will have to create the database before running
     71`trac-admin initenv`.
    6872
    6973See the [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/ PostgreSQL documentation] for detailed instructions on how to administer [http://postgresql.org PostgreSQL].
    70 Generally, the following is sufficient to create a database user named `tracuser` and a database named `trac`:
    71 {{{#!sh
    72 $ createuser -U postgres -E -P tracuser
    73 $ createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac
     74Generally, the following is sufficient to create a database user named `tracuser`, and a database named `trac`.
     75{{{
     76createuser -U postgres -E -P tracuser
     77createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac
     78}}}
     79When running `createuser` you will be prompted for the password for the user 'tracuser'. This new user will not be a superuser, will not be allowed to create other databases and will not be allowed to create other roles. These privileges are not needed to run a trac instance. If no password is desired for the user, simply remove the `-P` and `-E` options from the `createuser` command.  Also note that the database should be created as UTF8. LATIN1 encoding causes errors trac's use of unicode in trac.  SQL_ASCII also seems to work.
     80
     81Under some default configurations (debian) one will have run the `createuser` and `createdb` scripts as the `postgres` user.  For example:
     82{{{
     83sudo su - postgres -c 'createuser -U postgres -S -D -R -E -P tracuser'
     84sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac'
    7485}}}
    7586
    76 When running `createuser` you will be prompted for the password for the user 'tracuser'. This new user will not be a superuser, will not be allowed to create other databases and will not be allowed to create other roles. These privileges are not needed to run a Trac instance. If no password is desired for the user, simply remove the `-P` and `-E` options from the `createuser` command. Also note that the database should be created as UTF8. LATIN1 encoding causes errors, because of Trac's use of unicode. SQL_ASCII also seems to work.
    77 
    78 Under some default configurations (Debian) one will have run the `createuser` and `createdb` scripts as the `postgres` user:
    79 {{{#!sh
    80 $ sudo su - postgres -c 'createuser -U postgres -S -D -R -E -P tracuser'
    81 $ sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac'
    82 }}}
    83 
    84 Trac uses the `public` schema by default, but you can specify a different schema in the connection string:
     87Trac uses the `public` schema by default but you can specify a different schema in the connection string:
    8588{{{
    8689postgres://user:pass@server/database?schema=yourschemaname
    8790}}}
    8891
    89 === MySQL Connection String
     92=== MySQL Connection String ===
    9093
    91 The format of the MySQL connection string is similar to those for PostgreSQL, with the `postgres` scheme being replaced by `mysql`. For example, to connect to a MySQL database on the same machine called `trac` for user `johndoe` with password `letmein`:
     94If you want to use MySQL instead, you'll have to use a
     95different connection string. For example, to connect to a MySQL
     96database on the same machine called `trac`, that allows access to the
     97user `johndoe` with the password `letmein`, the mysql connection string is:
    9298{{{
    9399mysql://johndoe:letmein@localhost:3306/trac
    94100}}}
    95101
    96 == Source Code Repository
     102== Source Code Repository ==
    97103
    98 Since Trac 0.12, a single environment can be connected to more than one repository. There are many different ways to connect repositories to an environment, see TracRepositoryAdmin. This page also details the various attributes that can be set for a repository, such as `type`, `url`, `description`.
     104Since version 0.12, a single Trac environment can be connected to more than one repository. There are many different ways to connect repositories to an environment, see TracRepositoryAdmin. This page also details the various attributes that can be set for a repository (like `type`, `url`, `description`).
    99105
    100106In Trac 0.12 `trac-admin` no longer asks questions related to repositories. Therefore, by default Trac is not connected to any source code repository, and the ''Browse Source'' toolbar item will not be displayed.
    101 You can also explicitly disable the `trac.versioncontrol.*` components, which are otherwise still loaded:
    102 {{{#!ini
     107You can also explicitly disable the `trac.versioncontrol.*` components (which are otherwise still loaded)
     108{{{
    103109[components]
    104110trac.versioncontrol.* = disabled
    105111}}}
    106112
    107 For some version control systems, it is possible to specify not only the path to the repository, but also a ''scope'' within the repository. Trac will then only show information related to the files and changesets below that scope. The Subversion backend for Trac supports this. For other types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.
     113For some version control systems, it is possible to specify not only the path to the repository,
     114but also a ''scope'' within the repository. Trac will then only show information
     115related to the files and changesets below that scope. The Subversion backend for
     116Trac supports this; for other types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.
    108117
    109118Example of a configuration for a Subversion repository used as the default repository:
    110 {{{#!ini
     119{{{
    111120[trac]
    112121repository_type = svn
    … …  
    115124
    116125The configuration for a scoped Subversion repository would be:
    117 {{{#!ini
     126{{{
    118127[trac]
    119128repository_type = svn
    … …  
    121130}}}
    122131
    123 == Directory Structure
     132== Directory Structure ==
    124133
    125134An environment directory will usually consist of the following files and directories:
    126135
    127136 * `README` - Brief description of the environment.
    128  * `VERSION` - Environment version identifier.
    129  * `files`
    130   * `attachments` - Attachments to wiki pages and tickets.
     137 * `VERSION` - Contains the environment version identifier.
     138 * `attachments` - Attachments to wiki pages and tickets are stored here.
    131139 * `conf`
    132   * `trac.ini` - Main configuration file. See TracIni.
     140   * `trac.ini` - Main configuration file. See TracIni.
    133141 * `db`
    134   * `trac.db` - The SQLite database, if you are using SQLite.
    135  * `htdocs` - Directory containing web resources, which can be referenced in Genshi templates using `/chrome/site/...` URLs.
    136  * `log` - Default directory for log files, if `file` logging is enabled and a relative path is given.
    137  * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins].
    138  * `templates` - Custom Genshi environment-specific templates.
    139   * `site.html` - Method to customize header, footer, and style, described in TracInterfaceCustomization#SiteAppearance.
     142   * `trac.db` - The SQLite database (if you're using SQLite).
     143 * `htdocs` - directory containing web resources, which can be referenced in Genshi templates using `/htdocs/site/...` URLs. ''(since 0.11)''
     144 * `log` - default directory for log files, if logging is turned on and a relative path is given.
     145 * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins] (Python eggs or single file plugins, since [trac:milestone:0.10 0.10])
     146 * `templates` - Custom Genshi environment-specific templates. ''(since 0.11)''
     147   * `site.html` - method to customize header, footer, and style, described in TracInterfaceCustomization#SiteAppearance
    140148
    141149=== Caveat: don't confuse a ''Trac environment directory'' with the ''source code repository directory'' #Caveat
    142150
    143151This is a common beginners' mistake.
    144 It happens that the structure for a Trac environment is loosely modelled after the Subversion repository directory structure, but those are two disjoint entities and they are not and ''must not'' be located at the same place.
     152It happens that the structure for a Trac environment is loosely modelled after the Subversion repository directory
     153structure, but those are two disjoint entities and they are not and ''must not'' be located at the same place.
    145154
    146155----